Símbolos de soldadura — Referencia AWS A2.4
A Símbolo de soldadura per AWS A2.4 Section 4.5 uses a Línea de referencia, arrow, Tipo de soldadura graphic, dimensions, contour symbols, and a tail. AWS A2.4 Section 6.1 controls arrow-side placement, and AWS A2.4 Figure 4.3 shows Norma element locations used by welders and inspectors.
How do you read a welding symbol once you know its parts? Position is the rule that matters most: symbols below the reference line apply to the Lado de la flecha of the joint, symbols above apply to the Otro lado. This hub links the core Símbolos de Soldadura, supplementary symbols, NDE callouts, process designations, and worked reading guides used by fabricators, welding engineers, and CWIs.
Per AWS A2.4:2020 Section 4.5, only the horizontal reference line and arrow are required elements of a welding symbol. Figure 4.3 shows where optional elements such as weld symbols, dimensions, supplementary symbols, and tail references are placed.
Explore el símbolo
Tap any chip to highlight that part of the welding symbol on the diagram. Each element is verified against AWS A2.4:2020.
Click any element above to highlight it on the diagram and read its definition from AWS A2.4:2020.
| You see… | It means… |
|---|---|
| Below ref line | Weld on the arrow side |
| Above ref line | Weld on the other side |
| Both sides of ref line | Weld on both sides |
| Open circle at junction | Weld all around the joint perimeter |
| Solid flag at junction | Field weld (made on site, not in shop) |
| Number left of weld symbol | Size (leg length for fillet; D(S) for groove) |
| Numbers right (e.g., 3–12) | Length–pitch for intermittent welds |
| Tail (V-shape opposite arrow) | Process / WPS reference / spec note |
Si el soldador no puede leer el símbolo, todo lo que viene después falla — la compatibilidad con la EPS, el ajuste, los criterios de aceptación de inspección. La literacidad en simbología es el primer punto de verificación, no el último.
— Field perspective, Fabricación estructural QC
Tipos de unión y líneas de dibujo
The interactive above covers symbol anatomy. The full Blueprint Reading Guide adds joint Tipos per AWS A2.4:2020 Figure 5.1 and the 10 engineering drawing line conventions per ASME Y14.2-2014 — the “alphabet of lines” that carries the rest of a welding drawing’s meaning.
△ Blueprint Reading Guide — Joint Types + Drawing Lines Go deeper than anatomy. 5 joint types per AWS A2.4 Figure 5.1 (butt, corner, T, lap, parallel) and the 10 engineering drawing line conventions per ASME Y14.2-2014 — the alphabet that carries the rest of a welding drawing’s meaning.Símbolos de soldadura básicos y suplementarios — AWS A2.4
Cada símbolo a continuación corresponde a una especificación de procedimiento de soldadura (EPS) que define cómo se realiza la soldadura, respaldada por un registro de calificación de procedimiento (RCP) que demuestra que el procedimiento produce resultados satisfactorios. Las juntas estándar pueden seguir reglas de EPS precalificada que eliminan los ensayos de calificación, y un Inspector de soldadura certificado (CWI) verifica el trabajo terminado contra el código.
The chart below separates weld type symbols, supplementary symbols, and related drawing-reading pages. Start with the Soldadura de Filete symbol if you need the most common structural callout, then move to groove welds, plug/slot welds, NDE symbols, process designations, and the Imprimible charts when you need a shop-floor reference.
Referencia de Elementos del Símbolo de Soldadura
| Element | Location | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Weld symbol | Above or below reference line | Weld type — fillet triangle, groove V, plug circle, etc. Below = arrow side, above = other side. |
| Arrow side | Below reference line | Same side as arrow — weld on the surface the arrow points to |
| Other side | Above reference line | Opposite side from arrow — weld on far face of joint |
| Both sides | Both sides of line | Weld both sides — same symbol above and below reference line |
| Tamaño de soldadura | Left of weld symbol | Leg size (fillet) or groove depth (groove welds), in inches or mm |
| Longitud de Soldadura | Right of weld symbol | Length of weld in inches or mm. Omitted = full length. |
| Pitch | Right of symbol, as length-pitch (e.g. 3-12) | Center-to-center spacing of intermittent welds — pitch follows the dash after weld length |
| Símbolo de contorno | Above/below weld symbol | A ras (straight line), Convexo (outward arc), Cóncavo (inward arc) — desired Cara de la Soldadura profile |
| Símbolo de acabado | Adjacent to contour symbol | G (grind), M (machine), C (chip), H (hammer), P (planish), R (roll), U (unspecified) — per A2.4 §6.13 |
| Tail | Right end of reference line | Especificación, process, or note — e.g. SMAW, AWS D1.1, or WPS number |
| Weld-all-around | Circle at arrow junction | Weld completely around the joint — all sides, no breaks |
| Field weld | Filled flag at reference line | Weld on-site during erection, not in the Fabricación shop |
| CJP | In tail or note | Complete Penetración de la Junta — weld fuses full Espesor of joint |
| PJP | In tail or note | Penetración Parcial de la Junta — groove depth less than full thickness |
"Símbolos de Soldadura are the universal language between the engineer at the desk and the Soldador in the field — without them, every joint is a conversation."
— Widely cited in structural steel fabrication training, reflecting AWS A2.4 standard practice
Más Allá de los Tipos de Soldadura
Indicaciones de END, códigos de proceso y preparación para el examen CWI — conocimiento esencial para la lectura e interpretación de dibujos de ingeniería.