Free Welding Calculators & Reference
Welding Calculators & Reference
Free welding calculators and reference tools for AWS D1.1:2025 and A2.4. Preheat, heat input, fillet size, carbon equivalent — plus symbol charts, compliance guides, and Q&A for fabricators and inspectors.
Calculators
°F
Preheat Calculator
D1.1:2025 Table 5.11 lookup. Select steel, process, and thickness — get minimum preheat and interpass temperature.
kJ
Heat Input Calculator
Calculate heat input in kJ/in and kJ/mm from voltage, amperage, and travel speed.
△
Fillet Weld Size
D1.1 Table 7.7 minimum fillet weld size lookup by material thickness.
lb
Deposition Rate
Calculate weld metal deposition rate in lbs/hr and kg/hr from wire feed speed and electrode diameter.
CE
Carbon Equivalent
Calculate CE(IIW) and Pcm from steel chemistry to assess weldability and hardenability.
D1.1 Reference
WS
WPS Guide
What goes into a WPS under D1.1. Prequalified vs qualified, Table 5.5 essential variables, format requirements.
WP
How to Fill Out a WPS Form
Field-by-field walkthrough of the D1.1 Annex J form. Table 5.5 variables, tolerances, common mistakes.
PW
Prequalified WPS
Clause 5 requirements for prequalification: approved processes, Table 5.6 steels, Figure 5.1 joints.
PQ
PQR — Procedure Qualification
When a PQR is required under D1.1. Table 6.6 essential variables and the prequalified exception.
D1
AWS D1.1:2025 Overview
What D1.1 covers, 11-clause overview, prequalified vs qualified WPS paths.
CJ
CJP Weld Guide
Complete joint penetration welds: prequalified joints per Figure 5.1, backing requirements, CJP vs PJP.
MT
Mill Test Report (MTR)
How to read an MTR for D1.1 compliance: ASTM spec to Table 5.6 group to preheat lookup.
T°
Interpass Temperature
D1.1 minimum equals preheat, maximum when CVN or material requirements apply.
HT
Post-Weld Heat Treatment
D1.1 Section 7.8 PWHT requirements: when it applies, temperature ranges, and hold times.
80
Welding Standards Hub
All 80 welding codes covered by Flux: D1.x, ASME IX, API 1104, CSA W59, EN 1011-2, AS/NZS 1554.
Inspection
CW
Certified Welding Inspector
AWS B5.1 CWI requirements: education, experience, exam format, and renewal.
VT
Visual Weld Inspection
D1.1 Clause 8 VT acceptance criteria, inspection sequence, and reject/accept decisions.
8.1
Weld Defects
Table 8.1 discontinuity categories, the VT/RT/UT inspection sequence, and when repair is required.
ND
NDE Requirements
When RT, UT, MT, and PT are required under D1.1 Clause 8. Tables 8.1-8.3 decision guide.
UT
Ultrasonic Testing
D1.1 UT acceptance criteria, Class A through D indications, and scanning requirements.
UC
Weld Undercut
Table 8.1 undercut limits for static and cyclic connections with causes and repair guidance.
PP
Weld Porosity
Table 8.1 porosity acceptance criteria — when porosity passes and when it fails visual inspection.
Symbol Reference
◻
Weld Symbol Chart
Complete AWS A2.4 reference — every weld type, symbol anatomy, arrow side/other side, finishing codes.
◻
Fillet Weld Symbol
Leg size, throat, equal and unequal legs, intermittent fillet welds.
↓
Printable PDF Chart
Print-optimized weld symbol reference sheet. All types, anatomy, finishing codes on one page.
G
What Does G Mean?
Grinding and finishing symbols per AWS A2.4 — G, M, C, H, P, R, U designators explained.
Preheat & Temperature
T°
Maximum Interpass Temperature
D1.1 has no general max. Only A514, HPS70W, HPS100W have 400–450°F limits.
❄
Cold Weather Welding
Below 32°F: preheat to 70°F. Below 0°F: welding prohibited. Wind shelter 5 mph.
5.11
Table 3.2/5.11 Explained
Table 3.2 is now Table 5.11. Seven preheat categories A through G by process and hydrogen level.
A+B
Dissimilar Metal Welding WPS
Use the highest preheat of either steel (§5.7.2). Filler metal options and WPS writing guide.
Q&A
?
Q&A Hub
D1.1:2025 welding questions with specific table and clause citations.
A36
A36 Preheat Temperature
Table 5.11 preheat requirements for A36 steel by process category and thickness.
70
E7018 vs E6013
Electrode comparison from a D1.1 compliance perspective — preheat, storage, qualification.
△
Minimum Fillet Weld Size
Table 7.7 explained — which thickness governs and how electrode choice changes the answer.
CE
Carbon Equivalent Explained
D1.1 Annex B CE(IIW) formula with (Mn+Si)/6, Pcm, and what your result means for preheat.